BASS VIOLIN

Bass violin or Second violin or Harmony violin is the generic modern term used to denote various 16th- and 17th-century forms of bass instruments of the violin (i.e. "viola da braccio") family. They were the direct ancestor of the modern cello. Bass violins were usually somewhat larger than the modern cello, but tuned the same or sometimes just one step lower than it. Contemporary names for these instruments include "basso de viola da braccio," "basso da braccio," or the generic term "violone," which simply meant "large fiddle." The instrument differed from the violone of the viol, or "viola da gamba" family in that like the other violins it had at first three, and later usually four strings, as opposed to five, six, or seven strings, it was tuned in fifths, and it had no frets. With its F-holes and stylized C-bouts it also more closely resembled the viola da braccio. Because it was created to be in consort with the violin and viola, the bass violin was a member of the violin, or viola da braccio family.
The name "bass violin" is also sometimes used for the double bass.
Occasionally historians have used the term "bass violin" to refer other various instruments of the violin family which were larger than the alto violin or viola, such as the tenor violin.
After the 1950s, the term "bass violin" may refer to a bass instrument of the violin octet.